语音学，音韵学，音系学
Phonetics 语音学，研究人的语音的具象特征，和语音的用途、意义无关。也和特定语言无关。
Phonology 音系学，也作音韵学，研究特定语言的语音，侧重语音的功能。
Historical Chinese Phonology 汉语音韵学，也作音韵学，研究汉语的历史语音变化。
Japanese
Japanese Dict: https://www.japandict.com Alphabet Kanji. every character represents an idea or concept. Hiragana. in combination with kanji. Katakana. represents foreign words, places, onomatopoeias, etc. onomatopeia 象声 is the process of creating a word that phonetically imitates, resembles, or suggests the sound that it describes. E.g. tick tock, di da. 音読み 訓読み One single kanji may have more than one different readings: on'yomi, kun'yomi, and nanori. 音読み. On'yomi. reading is coming from the original Chinese pronunciation of the character. 訓読み. Kun'yomi. reading is coming from the pronunciation of a native Japanese word. 名乗り. Nanori. almost exclusively in Japanese names. 训读在使用汉字的语言中都是存在的，比如汉语中的 菸 字，音读 yu，训读 yan，训读的本字为 烟。 吴语中的 二，训读为 liahn，本字为两。 类似地，英语中的 etc. 音读为 et cetera，训读为 and so on 或 and so forth。 Pitch accent Japanese pitch accent is a feature that distinguishes words by accenting particular morae. scalar pitch 頭高 atamadaka, first mora high and the following ones...
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